Students with disabilities require an individual program plan to be made for them so they can improve throughout the year and their progress can be monitored. They often are required to learn different things than the other students in their classroom, so it is important to determine what they are going to learn and decide the best way for them to achieve it at the beginning of the year. In order to determine what they are going to learn goals must be made for the student so they have something to strive to achieve throughout the year.
The goals that are made must be “SMART” goals, meaning they must be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely. It is important for a goal to include all of these things so that the student knows exactly what they are striving for and how they can best achieve it. It is also important for the student to know how long it should take them to achieve the goal so they have something to look forward to, and can feel a sense of accomplishment when they have reached their goal.
Goals are typically focused on one of five different areas that can be improved. The first area is self help skills, which includes choice making and personal advocacy, such as sharing with others what their needs are appropriately. The second area is pro-social skills, including being able to get along with others, and managing emotions such as anger or sadness. The third area goals can be focused on is communications skills, which involves both receptive and expressive communication like maintaining eye contact and actively listening. The fourth area is academic skills, including reading, writing, literacy, and mathematics. And finally, the fifth area of goal focus is work habits, which includes such things as working appropriately and on task, being punctual, coming to class prepared, and many other things.
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